Coding

Qt6.7.3（MSVC2022）安装外部库QXlsx

摘要： 为了解决书院填综测的烦人问题，我决定使用比较熟悉的Qt框架编写一套自动填写综测的程序。其中涉及到读取xlsx文件，这就要用到外部的库。没想到装这个库踩了这么多坑，写个博客记录一下。学习CMake已经不得不提上日程了。 安装QXlsx库 Qt 6.7.3 (MSVC 2022 64-bit) 1 git clone https://github.com/QtExcel/QXlsx.git 由于我们使 …

为了解决书院填综测的烦人问题，我决定使用比较熟悉的Qt框架编写一套自动填写综测的程序。其中涉及到读取xlsx文件，这就要用到外部的库。没想到装这个库踩了这么多坑，写个博客记录一下。学习CMake已经不得不提上日程了。

安装QXlsx库

Qt 6.7.3 (MSVC 2022 64-bit)

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git clone https://github.com/QtExcel/QXlsx.git

由于我们使用MSVC，可以参考官网（使用 cmake | QXlsx）的构建方式，但不能完全照搬。

使用管理员权限启动Qt 6.7.3 (MSVC 2022 64-bit)的终端（位于...\Qt\6.7.3\msvc2022_64\bin\qtenv2.bat，在【开始】界面搜索qt即可）

此时我们应当先将目录调整到./QXlsx下，之后：

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mkdir build
cd build

接下来进行配置构建和安装参数，这与官网的教程有些许不同：

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cmake ../QXlsx/ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install_msvc2022_release

其中-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=...是设定库的安装根目录，一般都会放到项目名称/install下。

官网的教程中给出有另一个参数-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release仅对单配置生成器（如 Makefile、Ninja）有效，对于 Visual Studio 这种多配置生成器，实际构建类型由--config参数在构建阶段指定，所以在此处不需要填写。

接下来进行构建：

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cmake --build . --config Release

这里与官网不同的就是多了参数--config Release，这与上文阐述的原理相同。

接下来进行安装：

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cmake --install . --config Release

接下来展示完整的命令行：

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Setting up environment for Qt usage...
Remember to call vcvarsall.bat to complete environment setup!

E:\ProgramFile\Qt\6.7.3\msvc2022_64>cd ../../../CodingLibs/QXlsx

E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx>mkdir build

E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx>cd build

E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx\build>cmake ../QXlsx/ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install #这里不是install_msvc2022_release是因为仅作展示
-- Building for: Visual Studio 17 2022
-- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.22621.0 to target Windows 10.0.22631.
-- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.42.34435.0
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.42.34433/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD
-- Performing Test CMAKE_HAVE_LIBC_PTHREAD - Failed
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - not found
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Performing Test HAVE_STDATOMIC
-- Performing Test HAVE_STDATOMIC - Success
-- Found WrapAtomic: TRUE
-- Could NOT find WrapVulkanHeaders (missing: Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR)
-- Configuring done (5.1s)
-- Generating done (0.2s)
-- Build files have been written to: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/build

E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx\build>cmake --build . --config Release
适用于 .NET Framework MSBuild 版本 17.12.12+1cce77968

  1>Checking Build System
  Automatic MOC for target QXlsx
  Building Custom Rule E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/QXlsx/CMakeLists.txt
  xlsxcellrange.cpp
  xlsxcontenttypes.cpp
  xlsxdrawinganchor.cpp
  xlsxrichstring.cpp
  xlsxworkbook.cpp
  xlsxabstractooxmlfile.cpp
  xlsxcellreference.cpp
  xlsxdatavalidation.cpp
  xlsxdrawing.cpp
  xlsxsharedstrings.cpp
  xlsxworksheet.cpp
  xlsxabstractsheet.cpp
  xlsxchart.cpp
  xlsxdatetype.cpp
  xlsxformat.cpp
  xlsxsimpleooxmlfile.cpp
  xlsxzipreader.cpp
  xlsxcell.cpp
  xlsxchartsheet.cpp
  xlsxdocpropsapp.cpp
  正在生成代码...
  正在编译...
  xlsxmediafile.cpp
  xlsxstyles.cpp
  xlsxzipwriter.cpp
  xlsxcellformula.cpp
  xlsxcolor.cpp
  xlsxdocpropscore.cpp
  xlsxnumformatparser.cpp
  xlsxtheme.cpp
  xlsxcelllocation.cpp
  xlsxconditionalformatting.cpp
  xlsxdocument.cpp
  xlsxrelationships.cpp
  xlsxutility.cpp
  mocs_compilation_Release.cpp
  正在生成代码...
  QXlsx.vcxproj -> E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx\build\Release\QXlsxQt6.lib
  Building Custom Rule E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/QXlsx/CMakeLists.txt

E:\ProgramFile\CodingLibs\QXlsx\build>cmake --install . --config Release
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/lib/QXlsxQt6.lib
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxabstractooxmlfile.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxabstractsheet.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxabstractsheet_p.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxcellformula.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxcell.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxcelllocation.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxcellrange.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxcellreference.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxchart.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxchartsheet.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxconditionalformatting.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxdatavalidation.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxdatetype.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxdocument.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxformat.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxglobal.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxrichstring.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxworkbook.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/include/QXlsxQt6/xlsxworksheet.h
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/lib/cmake/QXlsxQt6/QXlsxQt6Targets.cmake
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/lib/cmake/QXlsxQt6/QXlsxQt6Targets-release.cmake
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/lib/cmake/QXlsxQt6/QXlsxQt6Config.cmake
-- Installing: E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install/lib/cmake/QXlsxQt6/QXlsxQt6ConfigVersion.cmake

为了能够在调试的时候使用，还需要重复上述过程，安装一遍Debug版！

使用QXlsx库

在项目的CMakeLists.txt添加如下代码：

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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)

project(StdEvalGoPre VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# >>> 查找Qt库
find_package(QT NAMES Qt6 Qt5 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)
find_package(Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)

# >>> 设置QXlsx的安装路径（替换为实际安装路径）
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set(QXLSX_INSTALL_PATH "E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install_msvc2022_debug")
else()
    set(QXLSX_INSTALL_PATH "E:/ProgramFile/CodingLibs/QXlsx/install_msvc2022_release")
endif()

# >>> 将QXlsx的安装路径添加到CMake的搜索路径
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${QXLSX_INSTALL_PATH})

# >>> 查找QXlsx库（根据使用的Qt版本选择）
if(${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} EQUAL 6)
    find_package(QXlsxQt6 REQUIRED)
else()
    find_package(QXlsxQt5 REQUIRED)
endif()

set(PROJECT_SOURCES
        main.cpp
        mainwindow.cpp
        mainwindow.h
        mainwindow.ui
        util/excelreader.cpp
        util/excelreader.h
)

if(${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} GREATER_EQUAL 6)
    qt_add_executable(StdEvalGoPre
        MANUAL_FINALIZATION
        ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
    )
else()
    if(ANDROID)
        add_library(StdEvalGoPre SHARED
            ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
        )
    else()
        add_executable(StdEvalGoPre
            ${PROJECT_SOURCES}
        )
    endif()
endif()

# >>> 链接库（添加QXlsx的链接）
target_link_libraries(StdEvalGoPre PRIVATE
    Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::Widgets
    QXlsx::QXlsx  # 添加QXlsx链接
)

if(${QT_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 6.1.0)
  set(BUNDLE_ID_OPTION MACOSX_BUNDLE_GUI_IDENTIFIER com.example.StdEvalGoPre)
endif()
set_target_properties(StdEvalGoPre PROPERTIES
    ${BUNDLE_ID_OPTION}
    MACOSX_BUNDLE_BUNDLE_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    MACOSX_BUNDLE_SHORT_VERSION_STRING ${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR}.${PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR}
    MACOSX_BUNDLE TRUE
    WIN32_EXECUTABLE TRUE
)

include(GNUInstallDirs)
install(TARGETS StdEvalGoPre
    BUNDLE DESTINATION .
    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
)

if(QT_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL 6)
    qt_finalize_executable(StdEvalGoPre)
endif()
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